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Machine for solid organic fertilizers decomposition

N.V. Spevak

Saratov state agrarian university named after N.I. Vavilov, faculty of  agricultural machinery, Theatrical area 1, Saratov, Russia, 410600; E-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

One of the effective technologies of utilization of manure or chicken manure is composting. The most favorable rotation of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) is 20-30:1, but in solid organic fertilizers, depending of animal support, this rotation is 10-15:1.  To eliminate carbon deficiency it is necessary to add cellulose components (grinded straw, sawdust, green wastes, peat, grain-crops or groats swarf and so on).

Composting process carries out as the bedding of cellulose components, with manure or chicken manure on top, into the ridge on the ground surface. After that, from this mixed components the clamp is formed. Uniformity of mixing must not be lower then 80%, moisture of mixed components most not be lower then 40%, pH -  6,0-8,0.

Gaseous exchange in the clamp is also depends on particle size of feedstock. Pore volume must equals 30-50%. Existing constructions of spreaders can’t ensure necessary grinding and  uniform distribution of solid organic fertilizers along the ridge.

For realizing such technological operations it was developed a machine (fig.1).

It consists of chassis 1 with running gear 2 and bunker 3, with chain-and-plank feed conveyer inside of it, which has ratchet-gear, feed roller and accelerate roller. The rollers 5 and 6 has trowel-shaped gear elements disposed in the line of helical. Gear elements 7 of feed roller 5 and accelerate roller 6 are trowel-shaped, which are strengthened on the rollers across the line of rotation. Location of the feed roller 5 above the accelerate roller 6 and the chain-and-plank feed conveyer 4 gives a possibility for feeding of hogging chamber 8 with solid organic fertilizer, which takes from bunker 3. The rear wall 9 of the bunker 3 are mobile toward movement. This is possible because of hinging 10 to hauling mechanism of conveyer 4, in its front underbody and the guides 11, which disposed on the lateral wall of the bunker 3. The guides has the roller mechanism 12, disposed on upper front surface of rear wall 9. Bunker has the swing joint 13 with hogging chamber 8 and accessory mounting 14 of side-frame of hogging chamber with bunker 3.

Fig.1. Machine for solid organic fertilizers grinding:

1 – chassis, 2 - running gear, 3 – bunker, 4 - chain-and-plank feed conveyer, 5 - feed roller, 6 – accelerate roller, 7 - trowel-shaped gear elements, 8 – hogging chamber, 9 -  rear wall, 10 - hinging, 11 – guides, 12 – roller mechanism, 13 - swing joint of hogging chamber, 14 - accessory mounting, 15 - front wall of hogging chamber, 16 – sprigs.

That was constructed for error-free performance of device. The sprigs are disposed, on the front wall 15 of hogging chamber 8, according to bilifar helix, which has cutting angle within      35-45⁰. The rear wall 9 excludes collapse of clamp during the feeding process of rollers 5 and 6 by means of chain-and-plank feed conveyer 4 and finally that all have an influence on increase of uniform distribution of grinded solid organic fertilizers along the ridge.

The machine works in the following way.

Using the ratchet-gear the rear wall 9 of bunker 3 is placed into the left extreme position. After that, using the loader, the solid organic fertilizers are loaded into the bunker 3 and then they are transported to the ground for preparation of composts. The drive of the working equipment is taking from power shaft making the movement of the device at the same time. The chain-and-plank feed conveyer 4 and the rear wall 9 are fed the feed roller 5 with the material, which is provided predecomposition of the material and fed the accelerate roller 6 with it. After that, the trowel-shaped gear elements 7 of accelerate roller 6 are took the material and threw it into the hogging chamber on the sprigs with fair speed. The decomposition of the material is realized in the following way. After coming of the roller mechanism 12 to the swing joint of hogging chamber 13 the power shaft are disconnected and the chain-and-plank feed conveyer 4 and the rear wall 9 are returned to the starting position using the ratchet-gear. Then the process is returned again.

Productivity of the machine is up to 75 tons per hour.

REFERENCES

1. Lisenko V.P. poultry farming waste treatment. - Sergiev Posad, VNIITIP, 1998. - 152 p.

2. Spevak V.J., Ribalko A.G., Spevak N.V., Shamiunov M.R. Technology and hardware for production of composts. // 1-st diet materials “Worms and fertility of soils”. - Vladimir, 2002. -P. 50-52.

3. Mishurov N.P. Manure pre-using stage in farming // Engineering and equipment for village. - 1999, №5. - P. 9 - 14.

4. Patent for utility model №34845 RF, MPK A 01С 3/02 С 05F 3/06. Machine for solid organic  fertilizers decomposition // Ribalko A.G., Spevak N.V. - №2003129316. Declared 06.10.2003. Publ. 20.12.2003. Bui. №35.